Before settlement, you and your builder will “walk through” the house to conduct a final inspection. The walk-through should be scheduled in plenty of time before settlement to give the builder adequate time to remedy any problems you discover.

The most efficient way to handle a walk-through is to use a checklist. The list should include everything that needs attention, with a timetable for repairs.

Some items may have to be corrected after settlement. For instance, if your walk-through is in the winter, your builder may have to delay landscaping adjustments until spring. You and your builder should agree on repair dates for such items. Both of you should have signed copies of the checked items to prevent misunderstandings. Builders prefer to remedy problems before you move in, because it is easier for them to work in an empty house.

If you overlook minor problems during the walk-through, your requests for these repairs should be made in writing. Your builder will probably correct minor post-settlement problems at some agreed-upon time, such as thirty days after move-in. Usually, only emergency requests are handled over the telephone.

Ask a lot of questions during the walk-through and take notes on the answers. Ask about warranties that cover faulty workmanship and any limitations on coverage. Also ask about manufacturers’ warranties and operating manuals for each appliance. Find out how to operate the furnace and change the filters. Ask where all inside and outside water supply cutoffs are located. Check the electrical panel box and ensure that all circuits have been properly labeled.

Your walk-through checklist should include the following:

1. Outside: grading & landscaping
   • Does the ground around the foundation slope away from the house?
   • Make sure that water does not pond in swales. To check, water the areas with a hose if possible.
   • Are there signs of erosion?
   • Is shrubbery placed at least 2-3 feet from the foundation?
   • Are the basement window wells clean and graveled?
   • Are all plantings and sod alive?
2. Roof and gutters
   • Are the shingles flat and tight?
   • Is the flashing securely in place?
   • Do the gutters, downspouts, and splash blocks drain away from the house?
   • Are there any humps or depressions on the roof?
3. Exterior appearance
   • Are all windows and doors sealed and protected by weather-stripping?
   • Are the trim and fittings tight? Are there any cracks?
   • Does the paint cover the surfaces and trim smoothly?
   • Has brick been cleaned
   • Are all openings (dryer vent, electric service, etc...) sealed properly?
4. Inside: doors and windows
   • Are all doors and windows sealed?
   • Do they open and close easily?
   • Are they of the type specified in the contract?
   • Is all glass properly in place? Is any loose or cracked?
5. Finishes
   • Is the painting satisfactory in all rooms, closets, and stairways?
   • Did the painters miss any spots?
6. Floors
   • Is the carpet tight? Do the seams match?
   • Are there any ridges or seam gaps in vinyl tile or linoleum?
   • Do the floors squeak? Are wooden floors properly finished?
   • Are all tiles properly grouted and secure?
7. Appliances
   • Do the major appliances operate properly?
   • Is each appliance the color and model you ordered?
   • Check all faucets and plumbing fixtures, including toilets and showers, to make sure they operate properly.
   • Check all electrical fixtures and outlets. Bring a hair dryer to test the outlets.
   • Do the heating, cooling, and water heating units operate properly? Turn them on to make sure.
   • Does the fireplace draft and damper work?
   • Are there any nicks, scratches, cracks, or burns on any surfaces, including cabinets and countertops?
   • Test the doorbell. Also test the intercom system, garage door opener, and any other optional items.
8. Basement and attic
   • Are there indications of dampness or leaks?
   • Are there any cracks in the floors or foundation walls?
   • Are there any obvious defects in exposed components (such as floor joist, I-beam, support columns, insulation, heating ducts, plumbing, electrical, etc.)?
   • Does sump pump operate properly?
   • Has basement floor been cleaned?
   • Is insulation secure and of proper thickness in attic?
   • Is attic area properly vented?
9. Final inspection/certificate of occupancy
   • Has your local municipality signed off on your house?

Some problems may not be readily apparent during the walk-through - even a professional inspector might miss a few things. Most warranties cover any such problems that are caused by faulty workmanship. However, warranties usually exclude problems due to owner neglect or improper maintenance. Many builders offer booklets on home maintenance. Remember that most problems can be avoided if you know how to take care of your house.